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Casharkii hore waxaan ku soo baranay muhiimada ay leedahay doorashada magaca website-ka (Domain) iyo sida loo diiwaan gashado (Akhri: Sidee Loo Diiwaan Gashadaa Magaca Website (Domain))

Casharkana waxaan ku baran doonaa sida loo doorto marti-geliyaha (Web Host) iyo guud ahaan macluumaadka la xiriira.

Waa Maxay Host?

Host ama Web Hosting oo aan ku qeexay “Marti-geliye”, waa meesha ama server-ka lagu xereeyo dhammaan akhbaarta website-ka (faylasha, sawirrada, codka iwm). Akhbaarta laga daalacdo website meesha ay ku jiraan waa server marti-geliye ah oo ku xiriirsan khadka Internetka.

Maxaad ugu Talo Gashay Website-ka?

Ugu horayn inta aynaan ka hadlin xulashada marti-geliyaha, waxaa muhiim ah in aad ogtahay waxa aad website ugu talo gashay iyo hawsha uu kuu qaban doono: Website shirkadeed, ganacsi, dugsi , waxbarasho, warar iwm.

Sidoo kale waa in aad ogtahay baaxadda akhbaarta aad ku xerayn doontid iyo qiyaas ahaan tirada dadka soo booqan doona website-ka marka uu caan noqodo: Ma waxaad ugu talo gashay qoraallo caadi ah, mase waxaad ku xerayn doontaa cod (codku wuxuu u baahan yahay mug ama baaxad weyn).

Arrimahaasi in aad ogaatid waxay kaa caawinayaan xulashada marti-geliye leh tayo wanaagsan oo aad u dooratid website-ka. Waxayna taasi  ka qayb qaadataa guusha iyo horumarka uu website-ku gaari karo.

Haddii marti-geliyaha (Web Hosting) uu kugu xumaado waxaa  khasab kugu noqon doonta in aad ka guurtid, taas oo  hawl badan u bahan – waayo waa in laga raro dhammaan akhbaartii ku jirtey marti-geliyaha oo lagu wareejiyo marti-geliye cusub.

Sidaas daradeed aad ayey muhiim u tahay in laga fiirsado shirkadda marti-geliysa website-ka.

Waxaa muhiim ah shirkadda aad ka kiraysaneysid marti-geliyaha in ay tahay shirkad sumacad wanaagsan, islamarkaasna  hawsheedu khaas u tahay marti-gelinta website-yada. Casharkan ayaanakaga bogan doonaa guud ahaan marti-geliyaasha (Web hosting).

Noocyada Marti Geliyaasha (Web Hosting)

Marti-geliyaasha website-ka (Host) waxaa loo kala qaybiyaa dhawr nooc, taas oo ku xiran adeegga ay qabtaan, baaxadda xogta ay xamili karaan, barnaamijyada ay ku shaqeeyaan iyo qiimahooda, waxayna kala yihiin:

Shared Hosting: Waa server wadaag ah, oo ka dhexeeya websiteyo badan ama koox website-yo ah, waana kan ugu riqiisisan marti-geliyaasha, waayo kooxda websiteyada ah ayaa qaybsanaya kharashka adeegga. In kasta oo websiteyadu ay ku kala qaysan yihiin khaanado, hadana maadaama ay isku server ku jiraan waxaa suurto-gal ah uu noqdo gaabis ama website-ku si degdeg ah shashadda uga soo bixi waayo. Marti-geliyaha wadaagga ah qiimaha lagu kiraysan karo waxa uu noqon karaa $4 ilaa $10 bishiiba.

Dedicated Hosting: Waa server gaar u ah website-kaaga oo aan cid kale kula wadaagin, ma jiro website kale oo kula qaysanaya awoodda computerkaas (sida xawaaraha ama xawliga aallada uu ku shaqeeyo sever-ka ee CPU iyo RAM), adiga ayaana maamulanaya. Habkani waa kan ugu qaalisan marka laga hadlayo marti-geliyaha. Waxaana lagu kiraysan karaa $150 ilaa $200 bishiiba iyo ka badan.

VPS Hosting: (oo laga soo gaabiyey Virtual Private Server) – Waa nidaam u dhexeeya labada hab ee sare, wanaa hab serverka marti-geliyaha ee wadaagga ah laga samaynayo qayb gaar u ah websitekaaga (Virtual), laakiin awooddii serverka (sida CPU iyo RAM) waa lagula wadaagaa. Qiimaha VPS lagu kiraysan karo waxa uu noqon karaa $20 ilaa $140 bishiiba, wuuna ka badan karaa.

Cloud Hosting: Waa nidaam cusub oo website-ka ay marti gellinayaan koox server-ro ah oo isku xiriirisan, waxaana sida badan qiimaha la bixineyaa ku xiran yahay inta xogta ah ee website-kaagu adeegsado, habkaas oo loo yaqaaan “bixi lacag u dhiganta hawsha uu qabtay website-kaaga”.  Qiimaha waxaa lagu xisaabiya inta website-kaagu adeegsadey oo noqon kara $100/bishiiba ama ka badan.

Waxaa jira marti-geliyaal qiimaha lagu kiraystaa uu aad uga badan yahay lacagta kor ku xusan. Tusaale ahaan waxaa jira marti-geliye qiimahiisu yahay $150,000 ilaa $250,000 sannadkiiba. HAA waa RUBUC-MALYUUN Doolar sannadkiiba,waxayna marti-geliyaan WordPress-ka.

Qaybaha Laga Hubiyo Marti-geliyaha

Mar haddii aan isla fahamney noocyada marti-geliyaha, tallaabada xigtaa waa in aan wax ka ogaano waxyaalaha aad ka fiirineysid marka aad xulanaysid marti-geliye, waxaa ka mid ah:

Disk Space iyo Bandwidth: oo ah  mugga server-ka ee marti-geliyuhu u qorsheeyey website-kaaga iyo baaxadda faylasha ee laga daalacan karo website-ka. Qaybtani waa tan ugu muhiimsan marka la xulanayo marti-geliyaha website-ka. (Faahfaahin dheeraad ah hoos ayaan ku arki doonaa.)

FTP access: oo ah habka ugu sahlan ee faylasha lagaga qaado computer-ka si loogu xawilo server-ka marti geliyahay. Sidaas daraadeed xaqiiji in marti-geliyaha uu aqbalayo FTP iyo inta akoon ee FTP oo ay ogol yihiin. FTP waxay muhiim noqotaa marka faylasha culus, sida codka, lagu xawilayo website-ka.

PHP: oo ah nidaam ay ku shaqeeyaan barnaamijyo badan oo lagu dhiso website-ka, sida WordPress, Drupal, Joomla iwm. Marti-geliyaasha casriga ah waxaa qayb ka ah PHP, laakiin waxaa muhiim ah in aad hubisid ka hor inta aadan kiraysan. Gaar ahaan in uu ku jiro PHP 5 ama ka sii casrisan.

MYSQL Databse: oo ah qaybta laga maareeyo xogta (database), isla markaasna ah ubucda agaasimeysa xogta ay adeegsadaan website-yada ku dhisan barnaamij-yada ay mid yihiin PHP, sida WordPress-ka. Waxaa muhiim ah in  marti-geliyuhu ogol yahay in laga samayn karo qaybo badan oo laga agaasimo xogta MySQL.

Email: Waa muhiim in aad sii ogaatid inta email ee marti-geliyaha aad ka samaysan kartid. Emailka laga hadlayaa waa wixii-ladoono@website-kaaga.com.

cPanel: (oo laga soo gaabiyey Control Panel): Waa in marti-geliyuhu leeyahay shaashad si fudud loogaga hagi karo qaybaha kala duwan website-ka, sida: in aad ku dari kartid email ama masaxi kartid, bedeli kartid furaha (password), maarayn kartid xogta MySQL, ka samayn kartid akoonno FTP iwm.

Multiple Domain iyo Subdomains:  oo ah in server-ku marti-gelinayo dhawr website oo aad leedahay sida: webkaaga2.com, webkaaga3.net iwm. Isla markaasna aqbalayo in website kastasta laga sii samayn karo boggag hoos yimaada, sida: kalluun.webkaaga2.com, foox.webkaaga2.com iwm. (Ufiirso: Hal server ayaa kuu marti gelinaya websiteyo badan).

Linux: Nooca server-ka ama barnaamijka uu ku shaqeeyo wuxuu noqon karaa Linux/Unix ama Windows. Waxaa jira barnaamijyo badan oo ah Open-Sources (ama dad-u-dhexeeye oo lacag la’aan ah)  oo ku shaqeeya barnaamijka Linux, sida barnaamijyada loo adeegsado ganacsiga – eCommerce, shopping carts (selleda) iwm – sidaas oo ay tahayna Linux ayaa qiime ahaan riqiisisan marka la barbar dhigo Windows.

SSL (https://): Waa nidaam la xiriirta ammaanka server-ka, gaar ahaan haddii aad qorshaynaysid in website-kaaga noqdo mid ganacsi oo si toos ah loogu iibsan karo aaabo ganacsi.

Uptime: oo ah inta uu marti geliyuhu kujiro khadka, waana meesha looga qiyaas qaato inta server-ku (ama website-kaagu) uu hawada ka maqan karo. Tusaale ahaan marti geliyaashu marka ay yiraahdaan ama ku faanaan:

• Waxaan khadka ku jirnaa 99%, macnaheedu waxa tahay waxaan markaas khadka ka maqan yihiin 3.6 maalmood sannadkiiba, taas oo ah inta maalmood oo website-kaagu hawada ka maqnaan karo.
• Waxaan khadka ku jirnaa 99.9%, waxay markaas khadka ka maqan yihiin 6.91 saacadood sannadkiiba,
• Waxaan khadka ku jirnaa 99.99%, waxay markaas khadka ka maqan yihiin 54.84 daqiiqo sannadkiiba.

Support: oo ah adeeg wanaagga marti-geliyaha. Waxaana in aad ogaatid in shaqaalahoodu ay yihiin kuwo kuugu soo jawaabaya dhaqso haddii aad u baahatid adeeg website-kaaga, 24/7 ku jawaaba telefoon, email ama live chat. Ma yihiin adeegoodu mid lagu kalsoonana karo.

• Tijaabo ahaan, inta aadan go’aansan marti-geliye, email u dir shirkadda aad dooneysid inaad ka kiraysatid. Markaas eeg jawaabta ay soo bixiyaan iyo degdega ay kuugu soo jawaabaan iyo in adeegoodu wanaagsan yahay. Adigoo aan weli dooran hadday si aan wanaagsanayn kuula dhaqmaan halkaas bustahaaga haku aaminin.

Qiimaha: Waxaad is bar-bar dhigeysaysaa adeegga marti-geliyaha iyo hawsha website-ku kuu qaban doono iyo inta kharash ah ee aad u qoondaysay, waana mid ku xiran muhiimadda website-ku uu kuu leeyahay – taas oo muhiim ah in aad isu miisaantid.

Sida kor ku xusan, waxaa muhiimad gaar ah la siiyaa mugga server-ku (Disk Space) u qoondaynayo website-kaaga iyo baaxadda faylasha ee laga soo rogan karo (Bandwidth), arrintaas ayaana qaybtan hoose ku faahfaahinaynaa:

Disk Space

Sidaan kor kusoo xusnay, “Disk Space” ama “Storage” waa mugga server-ka (ama Hard Disk) ee marti-geliyuhu u qoondaynayo website-kaaga. Waana meesha lagu xeraynayo dhammaan faylasha website-ka, ha noqoto qoraallo, sawiro, cod iwm.

Haddaba sidee ku ogaan kartaa mugga aad u baahan tahay ee deeqi-doona website-ka?

Taas si aad uga jawaabtid, qaacidada ama habka ugu fudud ee aad ka qiyaas qaadan kartid waa computer-kaaga (Hard Disk), adigoo eegaya mugga faylasha ku jira khaanad (folder) kamid ah.

• Marka la adeegsado “Windows Explorer”, kaddibna dhanka midig ee hagaha (mouse – right click) lagu riixo khaanad ama folder, waxaad arki kartaa mugga faylasha ku jira khaanadaas.

Faylasha aad ku xerayn doontid server-ka waxay mug ahaan la mid yihiin faylasha ku jira computer-ka, sidaas daraadeed marka aad xulanaysid marti-geliye waa in aad ku xisaabtantid xaddiga faylasha ama akhbaarta ah ee aad ku xerayn doontid website-ka.

Ha isku khaldin “Disk Space” oo ah mugga iyo “Bandwidth” oo hoos ku sharraxan:

Bandwidth

“Bandwidth” waa xaddiga ama baaxadda xogta ee website-ka ay ka soo rogan karaan ama ka daalacan karaan dadka soo booqanaya. Waxaana arrintaas looga qiyaas qaataa baaxadda faylasha ee aad kuxerayn doontid website iyo tirada dadka ah ee aad u malayneysid in ay website-kaaga soo booqan doonaan maalin kasta ama bil kasta.

Marti-geliyaasha qaar marka ay ka hadlayaan “Bandwidth”, waxay adeedsadaan kelmedaha sida “Bandwidth”, “Data Transfer” ama “Traffic”, taas oo qeexeysa in ay tahay meesha laga xaddidi doona dadka soo booqanaya website-ka.

Waxaana marar badan laga cawdaa ama dhacda marka website-ku caan noqdo in ay soo baxdo xaqiiqo ahaan in aysan jirin wax aan xad-lahayn, oo markaas laguu soo diri doono dhambaal xambaarsan erayo la micne ah sidan: “website-kaagu waxa uu culas badan saaray server-ka marti-geliyaha, sidas daraadeed waa in aad dhintid culayska ama marti-geliye kale raadso”,  markaas oo ay khasab noqoto in aad ka guurtid ama aad bixisid lacag siyaado ah oo aadan hore ugu talo gelin.

Sidaas daraaded, yaan laguu hoos gelin faan dhalan-teed ah iyo faataa-dhuglayn iyo ka bad badis adeegga marti-geliyaha, ayagoo ku andacoonaya in ay website-kaaga u qoondaynayaan mug iyo baaxad “bandwidth” aan xad lahayn. Gaar ahaan waxaa jira marti-geliyaal wadaag ah oo dhehayawaxaan bixinaa:

• UNLIMITED web hosting
• UNLIMTED bandwidth
• UNLIMITED disk space

Sidee ku dhici kartaa marti-geliye wadaag ah in ay websiteyada oo dhan ku marti geliyo xad la’aan. Taasi suurtagal ma aha. Sida xaqiiqada ah waxay ku qoraan far yaryar oo ah “Terms of Service” ama “Terms of Use” ama “Terms”.

• FG: Ka taxadar ammaanta ka bad-badiska ah ee laga qoro marti- geliyaasha, waayo waxaa dhici karta in ammaantaas ay qoreen dad xiriir dhaw la leh martigeliyaha ama ka tirsan shaqaalahiisa. Muhiimadu waa inaad feejigan tahay, oo fahamsan tahay habka la isu tabceeyo internetka dhexdiisa (Waxaa dhici karta in aad xusuusan tahay legdintii geel-jirayaasha iyo sida tabcada la isugu dhigi jirey. Tii mid la mid ah ayaa ka jirta Internetka ee ku baraarug-sanaw.)

Shuruudaha Adeegsiga (Terms of Service)

Si aad u ogaatid shuruudaha rasmiga ah ee adeegsiga marti-geliyaha, waxaad eegtaa (ama riix) dhanka hoose ee website-ka  marti-geliyaha, meesha ay ku qoran taahy “Terms Of Service” ama TOS ama “Terms”. Waxaad halkaas ku arki kartaa shuruudaha oo faahfaahsan.

Qaybtaas ka eeg meel ay kaga qoran yihiin RESOURCE USAGE ama “UNLIMITED” USAGE POLICIES, iwm. Halkaas oo ay ku qeexaan shuruudahooda ay ka mid yihiin oraahdan hoose:

• Adeegga marti-geliyaha aan xadka lahayn (unlimited) macnahiisu ma aha in aan ogol nahay in hal website ama  dhawr website ay culays saaraan marti-geliyaha, oo markaas websiteyada kale gaabis noqdaan. Sidaad daraadeed marti-geliyaha waxa uu xaq u leeyahay in uu website-ka noocas xannibo.

Hadalkaasi waxa uu muujinayaa in aysan xaqiiqo ahaan jirin wax aan xad lahayn.

Waxaa kale oo muhiim ah in aad ku baraarugsanaatid in sidoo kale ay marti-geliyaashu xannibaad saaraan website-ka haddii xogta (MySQL) ay u arkaan in ay adeegsanayso qayb badan oo ka mid ah server-ka. Sidaan kor ku soo xusnay MySQL waxaa loog abaahan yahay website-yada ku dhisan barnaamijyada PHP sida WordPress.

Dhanka kale, waxaa muhiim ah in aad ka taxadartid marti-geliyaasha aqbala filimada anshaxa xun. Sababtoo ah waxay server-ka ka dhigaan gaabis. Sidoo kale hadii website-kaagu wadaag la yahay website-yada anshaxa xun markaas waxaad wadaageysaan IP address, taas oo sababaysa in aaladaha qaarkood ay xanibaad saaraan website-kaaga iyo emailka website-kaaga ayagoo ku khaldaya website-ka anshaxa xun ee marti-geliyahay kula wadaagga.

Inta aadan kiraysan akhri qaybta “Terms of Service” ee marti-geliyahay halkaas oo ay ku qeexan tahay waxyaabaha mamnuuca ka ah. Waa in ay si QAYAXAN ugu qoran tahay in ay mamnuuc (prohibited) yihiin websiteyada anshaxa xun, haddii kale ha kiraysan, mid kale raadso.

Haddii aad dood ka  keentid xannibaada, waxay ku xusuusinayaan in aad heshiis la saxiixatay. Waayo markaaad lacagta bixineysid waxaa si qayaxan aad calaamadinaysaa meel ay ku qoran tahay “Waa aqbalay heshiiska adeegsiga”, sida ka muuqata sawirka hoose.

Waxaan mar kale ku celinayaa muhiimadda ay leedahay in la iska hubiyo shuruudaha ku xiran adeegsiga marti-geliyaha, si aan hadhow cabasho arrintaas uga imaan.

Waxyaabaha kale oo marti-geliyaha (Host) lagaga cawdo waxaa ka mid ah in:

• Website-ka oo marar badan si lama filaan ama kedis ah hawada uga baxo, muddo dheerna ka maqnaado khadka internetka,
• Adeegga marti-geliyaha oo liita iyo shaqaalaha oo tayadoodu hoosayso, oo aan waqtiga ku haboon kuugu soo jawaabayn,
• Lacago yaryar oo qarsoon ama meel ay ka  socdaan aan la aqoon, oo lagugu soo dallacayo,
• Wixii marti-geliyhu ballan qaaday oo ay ka soo bixi waayaan,
• Markii aad la doodidna ay farta si tartiib ah kuugu fiiqayaan “Terms of Service”

Marti-geliye WordPress

WordPress waxa uu kamid yahay barnaamijyada ugu caansan ee loo adeegsado dhismaha website-ka. Sidaas daraadeed haddii aad qorshaynaysid inaad adeegsatid WordPress, waxaa muhiim ah in marti-geliyhu uu aqbalayo. Waxaa marti-geliyaha laga eegaa shuruudo dhawr ah oo WordPress u baahan yahay, oo ayugu muhiimsan yihiin:

• PHP 5.2.4 ama ka casrisan
• MySQL 5.0 ama ka casrisan,
• Mod_rewrite (Apache) – tan oo la xiriirta qaabka WordPress u maareeyo linkiyada (URL)

Shirkadaha Marti-geliyaasha (Web Hosting)

Shirkadaha marti-geliya websiteyada waxay garaayaan kumaan, waxana muhiim ah inaad fahamsan tahay waxa adigu aad rabtid in website-kaagu kuu qabto, markaasna barbar dhigtid adeegyada ay bixiyaan marti geliyaashu , sidaasna ku xulatid marti geliye kuu qalma.

Casharkana waxaan rajaynyaa in uu kaa caawiyey waxyaabaha ay tahay inaad ka fiirisid marti geliyaha ka hor inta aadan kiraysan.

Shirkadahan hoose waxay ka mid yihiin marti-geliyaasha website-yada:

• http://dreamhost.com/
• http://www.bluehost.com/
• http://www.inmotionhosting.com/
• http://mediatemple.net/
• http://www.godaddy.com/ (Diiwangeliyena waa yahay)
• http://www.hostgator.com/
• http://www.site5.com/
• http://www.webhostinghub.com/

Macluumaad dheeraad ah:

• http://host-tracker.com – Waxaa laga tijaabiyaa xawaaraha marti-geliyaha
• http://www.whoishostingthis.com/ – Waxaa laga ogaadaa meesha website marti-geliye  u ah
• http://www.bbb.org/  – waxaa laga hubiyaa in marti-geliyaha laga cawday

• Figradda Akhriyaasha: Haddii ay jiraan marti-geliye aad si gaara ugu talin lahayd oo adeeg wanaagsan, falan ku qor qaybta jawaabaha ee hoose si akhristayasha kale uga faa’iidaan.

Meelaha laga diiwaan gelin karo Websiteyada ka akhri casharka Sidee Loo Diiwaan Gashadaa Magaca Website (Domain).

Gabagabadii, marka aad diiwaan gashatid magaca website-ka, isla markaasna kiraysatid meeshii kuu marti-gelin lahayd, waxaa markaas dhidibada u taagtey nidaamka loo Yagleelo Website-ka (dhismihii, naqshadayntii iyo macluumaad ku xerayn ayaa markaas kuu bilaaban doonta, si markaas websiteku kuugu qabto hawshii aad u yagleeshay..)

FG: Qoraalladani waa talo bixin oo keliya.

”

‘

Kalluun ha i-siin

ee waxaad i-bartaa

sida loo kalluumaysto.”

Qore: Maxamed Cali Aaden

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